Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the patients with or without CMV enteritis
From: Clinical manifestations, risk factors, and prognostic factors of cytomegalovirus enteritis
Characteristics | Overall (n = 42) | CMV enteritis (n = 18) | Non-CMV enteritis (n = 24) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 49.7 ± 21.5 | 49.8 ± 19.9 | 49.5 ± 23 | 0.809 |
Sex (M/F) | 24(57.1%)/18(42.9%) | 12(66.7%)/6(33.3%) | 12(50%)/12(50%) | 0.353 |
General conditions | ||||
Shock | 7 (16.7%) | 6 (33.3%) | 1 (4.2%) | 0.031* |
Pneumonia | 5 (11.9%) | 5 (27.8%) | 0 (0%) | 0.01* |
Intubation | 5 (11.9%) | 4 (22.2%) | 1 (4.2%) | 0.146 |
ICU required | 6 (14.3%) | 4 (22.2%) | 2 (8.3%) | 0.375 |
Underlying diseases | ||||
Immunocompromised | 23 (54.8%) | 14 (77.8%) | 9 (37.5%) | 0.013* |
Diabetes mellitus | 4 (9.5%) | 1 (5.6%) | 3 (12.5%) | 0.623 |
Hypertension | 12 (28.6%) | 6 (33.3%) | 6 (25%) | 0.732 |
Autoimmune disease | 3 (7.1%) | 3 (16.7%) | 0 (0%) | 0.071 |
Coronary artery disease | 3 (7.1%) | 3 (16.7%) | 0 (0%) | 0.071 |
COPD | 1 (2.4%) | 1 (5.6%) | 0 (0%) | 0.429 |
Renal disease | ||||
AKI | 3 (7.1%) | 3 (16.7%) | 0 (0%) | 0.071 |
CKD | 13 (31%) | 9 (50%) | 4 (16.7%) | 0.041* |
ESRD | 6 (14.3%) | 5 (27.8%) | 1 (4.2%) | 0.068 |
Crohn’s disease | 12 (28.6%) | 2 (11.1%) | 10 (41.7%) | 0.042* |
Ulcerative colitis | 1 (2.4%) | 1 (5.6%) | 0 (0%) | 0.429 |
HIV infection | 1 (2.4%) | 1 (5.6%) | 0 (0%) | 0.429 |
Malignancies | 13 (31%) | 8 (44.4%) | 5 (20.8%) | 0.177 |
Transplantation | 4 (9.5%) | 3 (16.7%) | 1 (4.2%) | 0.297 |
Antibiotics usage | 19 (45.2%) | 14 (77.8%) | 5 (20.8%) | < 0.001* |
Immunosuppressive therapies | ||||
Steroid | 28.6 (57.4%) | 9 (50%) | 3 (12.5%) | 0.014* |
Chemotherapy | 3 (7.1%) | 2 (11.1%) | 1 (4.2%) | 0.567 |
Radiotherapy | 4 (9.5%) | 4 (22.2%) | 0 (0%) | 0.027* |
Immunosuppressant | 10 (23.8%) | 6 (33.3%) | 4 (16.7%) | 0.281 |
Laboratory data | ||||
WBC count (/μL) | 7200 (5400–9500) | 7050 (5050–9750) | 7200 (6000–9500) | 0.705 |
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 10.4 (8.1–12.1) | 9.2 (7.3–10.7) | 11.2 (9.6–12.4) | 0.027* |
Platelet (× 1000/mm3) | 231 (152–294) | 182 (143.3–275.8) | 261 (199–294) | 0.175 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1 (0.6–2.1) | 1.2 (0.7–4) | 0.8 (0.6–1.2) | 0.151 |
ALT (IU/L) | 16.5 (13.3–21) | 19 (15–23.8) | 15.5 (10–18.5) | 0.05 |
Albumin (g/dL) | 3.3 (2.5–3.6) | 2.9 (2.4–3.3) | 3.6 (3.2–4) | 0.067 |
C-reactive protein (mg/dL) | 30 (16.7–115.3) | 81.3 (24.8–153.3) | 21.5 (6.3–73.8) | 0.027* |
Virology/serology positivity | ||||
CMV-IgM | 3/14 (21.4%) | 3/10 (30%) | 0/4 (0%) | 0.506 |
CMV-IgG | 12/14 (85.7%) | 10/10 (100%) | 2/4 (50%) | 0.066 |
CMV pp65 antigenemia | 3/ 12 (25%) | 3/9 (33.3%) | 0/3 (0%) | 0.509 |
CMV PCR | 5/9 (55.6%) | 5/7 (71.4%) | 0/2 (0%) | 0.167 |
Clinical presentation | ||||
Fever | 7 (16.7%) | 6 (33.3%) | 1 (4.2%) | 0.031* |
Abdominal pain | 22 (52.4%) | 10 (55.6%) | 12 (50%) | 0.764 |
Vomiting | 9 (21.4%) | 5 (27.8%) | 4 (16.7%) | 0.462 |
Diarrhea | 12 (28.6%) | 8 (44.4%) | 4 (16.7%) | 0.084 |
Abdominal fullness | 11 (26.2%) | 5 (27.8%) | 6 (25%) | 1.000 |
GI bleeding | 20 (47.6%) | 13 (72.2%) | 7 (29.2%) | 0.012* |
Endoscopic features | ||||
Main findings | ||||
Ulcer | 35 (83.3%) | 13 (72.2%) | 22 (91.7%) | 0.118 |
Inflammation | 5 (11.9%) | 2 (11.1%) | 3 (12.5%) | 1.000 |
Polypoid lesion | 10 (23.8%) | 6 (33.3%) | 4 (16.7%) | 0.281 |
Location of lesion | ||||
Duodenum | 5 (11.9%) | 3 (16.7%) | 2 (8.3%) | 0.636 |
Jejunum | 5 (11.9%) | 1 (5.6%) | 4 (16.7%) | 0.371 |
Ileum | 32 (76.2%) | 14 (77.8%) | 18 (75%) | 1.000 |
Concurrent findings | ||||
CMV gastritis | 1 (2.4%) | 1 (5.6%) | 0 (0%) | 0.429 |
CMV colitis | 7 (16.7%) | 6 (33.3%) | 1 (4.2%) | 0.031* |
Outcomes | ||||
Perforation | 3 (7.1%) | 1 (5.6%) | 2 (8.3%) | 1.000 |
Overall mortality | 8 (19%) | 7 (38.9%) | 1 (4.2%) | 0.013* |
In-hospital mortality | 6 (14.3%) | 5 (27.8%) | 1 (4.2%) | 0.068 |
Hospital stay, days | 42 (15–64.5) | 35 (22.5–48.5) | 8.5 (4–20.5) | 0.001* |