Fig. 5

Increase in TCRβ^hi Th17 cells after end-to-end and Roux-en-Y anastomosis surgery. Intestinal mucosal cells were harvested 3 days post-operatively and stained extracellularly with TCRβ and CD4 and intracellularly with IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-22, and TNFα. Samples were then run on either a BD LSRII or Symphony. A Dot plots showing increased TCRβ expression after both anastomotic procedures from surgical segments A, B, and C. B Normalized TCRβ CD4⁺ T cell numbers. C Normalized Th17 cell numbers (TCRβ⁺ CD4⁺ IL-17A⁺ IL17F⁺). D Normalized Th17 cells that are TNFα⁺ or E IL-22⁺. *p  ≤  0.05–no surgery, n  =  5–7