Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of study population
|  | Total children enrolled (N = 772) | Samples tested (N = 482) | Acute malnutrition (N = 51) | No Acute Malnutrition (N = 370) | Chronic malnutrition (N = 243) | No Chronic malnutrition (N = 239) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | ||||||
 Male | 427 (55.3%) | 260 (53.9%) | 33 (64.7%) | 191 (51.6%) | 134 (55.1%) | 126 (52.7%) |
 Female | 345 (44.7%) | 222 (46.1%) | 18 (35.3%) | 179 (48.4%) | 109 (44.9%) | 113 (47.3%) |
Age | ||||||
 < 6 months | 179 (23.2%) | 73 (15.1%) | 6 (11.8%) | 18 (4.9%) | 23 (9.5%) | 50 (20.9%) |
 7–11 months | 217 (28.1%) | 178 (36.9%) | 24 (47.1%) | 142 (38.4%) | 107 (44.0%) | 71 (29.7%) |
 12–23 months | 228 (29.5%) | 175 (36.3%) | 14 (27.5%) | 161 (43.5%) | 93 (38.3%) | 82 (34.3%) |
 24–35 months | 100 (13.0%) | 42 (8.7%) | 5 (9.8%) | 37 (10.0%) | 15 (6.2%) | 27 (11.3%) |
 36–59 months | 48 (6.2%) | 14 (2.9%) | 2 (3.9%) | 12 (3.2%) | 5 (2.1%) | 9 (3.8%) |
Sentinel site | ||||||
 Tirupati | 260 (33.7%) | 188 (39.0%) | 8 (15.7%) | 166 (44.9%) | 125 (51.4%) | 63 (26.4%) |
 Rohtak | 311 (40.3%) | 181 (37.6%) | 21 (41.2%) | 138 (37.3%) | 93 (38.3%) | 88 (36.8%) |
 Vellore | 201 (26.0%) | 113 (23.4%) | 22 (43.1%) | 66 (17.8%) | 25 (10.3%) | 88 (36.8%) |
Acute diarrhea (< 7 days) | 770 (99.7%) | 480 (99.6%) | 49 (96.1%) | 370 (100%) | 242 (99.6%) | 238 (99.6%) |
Dysentery* | 25 (3.2%) | 25 (5.2%) | 3 (5.9%) | 21 (5.7%) | 13 (5.3%) | 12 (5.0%) |
Maximum diarrheal episodes in 24 h median [range] | 8.00 [3.00, 30.0] | 10.0 [3.00- 30.0] | 7.00 [3.00- 20.0] | 10.0 [3.00—30.0] | 10.0 [3.00, 20.0] | 8.00 [3.00, 30.0] |
Diarrheal duration in days; mean [SD] | 2.91 (4.53) | 3.03 (5.65) | 5.22 (16.8) | 2.77 (1.44) | 1.30 (1.44) | 1.41 (1.49) |
Vomiting | 495 (64.1%) | 289 (60.0%) | 36 (70.6%) | 221 (59.7%) | 133 (54.7%) | 156 (65.3%) |
Maximum vomiting episodes in 24Â h median [range] | 4.00 [0, 20.0] | 4.00 [0, 19.0] | 4.00 [0, 10.0] | 4.00 [0, 19.0] | 3.00 [0, 18.0] | 4.00 [0, 19.0] |
Duration of vomiting in days; mean [SD] | 1.41 (1.42) | 1.35 (1.47) | 1.94 (2.05) | 1.34 (1.39) | 1.30 (1.44) | 1.41 (1.49) |
Severe dehydration (> 6% loss body weight) | 128 (16.6%) | 82 (17.0%) | 10 (19.6%) | 63 (17.0%) | 50 (20.6%) | 32 (13.4%) |
Fever at admission | 462 (59.8%) | 298 (61.8%) | 33 (64.7%) | 223 (60.3%) | 141 (58.0%) | 157 (65.7%) |
Vesikari score median [range] | 11.0 [3.00, 20.0] | 10.0 [3.00, 20.0] | 12.0 [5.00, 20.0] | 10.0 [3.00, 17.0] | 10.0 [3.00, 17.0] | 11.0 [5.00, 20.0] |
Weight-for-age z score mean [SD] | − 1.72 (1.66) | − 1.69 (1.61) | − 3.03 (1.99) | − 1.52 (1.47) | − 2.03 (1.59) | − 1.33 (1.56) |
Height-for-age z score mean [SD] | − 1.94 (2.45) | − 2.13 (2.52) | − 2.46 (2.50) | − 2.29 (2.51) | − 4.12 (1.50) | − 0.113 (1.55) |
Mid upper arm circumference Z score mean [SD] | − 0.852 (1.28) | − 0.869 (1.35) | − 3.37 (1.53) | − 0.524 (0.879) | − 0.965 (1.13) | − 0.758 (1.56) |
Rotavirus vaccine received (at least 1 dose) | 658 (85.2%) | 437 (90.7%) | 44 (86.3%) | 346 (93.5%) | 233 (95.9%) | 204 (85.4%) |
Mothers education: primary school and below | 213 (27.6%) | 130 (27%) | 17 (33.3%) | 97 (26.2%) | 80(32.9%) | 50 (20.9%) |
Access to improved main water source** | 768 (99.5%) | 478 (99.2%) | 50 (98.0%) | 368 (99.5%) | 231 (99.1%) | 237 (98.2%) |